The most rapid brain development happens in the first five years of life, and evidence suggests back-and-forth interactions between children and their caregivers play a pivotal role. But the process is sensitive to factors like poverty and, when brain development doesn’t go well, the consequences can be long lasting. Centers like Horizons for Homeless Children in Roxbury are narrowing the divide one relationship at a time. In the process, they’ve delved into brain research and are challenging basic practices in teacher pay and student-teacher ratios.

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